Today most common people think that electric vehicle will reduce air pollution and green gases in environment but this is partially true. Here one should under stand how electric vehicle will reduce air pollution?
First thing we have to think that how electricity required for charging of battery will generate. If electricity required for charging generates by using fossil fuel than as the science law energy transfer or conversion of energy reduce at every stage of transfer or conversion because of energy losses in process. means the during charging of battery energy loss take place. Energy loss minimum 20 percent when stored in battery, actual loss depends on device use for electric storage means if you store 1 MW electricity in battery you will get 0.8 MW from battery. Similarly when stored electricity use for vehicle operation at this stage also energy loss take place. So, in natural way carbon foot print of electric vehicle will be more than vehicle us fuel directly in IC engine.
As electric vehicle demand increases, demand of lithium battery will be increase. Most battery manufacturing country use conventional electric sources which use fossil fuels, it means carbon emission by those country will increase. electric vehicle battery manufacturing generates 56 to 200 KG CO2 per KWH .
Electric vehicle show good effect on air pollution only in case when battery manufacturing done by green electricity generated by solar, hydro or wind energy. Also, at same time recharging done by green electricity.
Second thing is that used battery also generates big volume of hazardous waste. We have to tackle that also otherwise it become risky like plastic waste.
ELECTRIC SOURCE Gms of CO2/KWH of electricity generation.
Hydro Electricity 4
Wind 12
Nuclear 16
Biomass 22
Geo thermal 45
Solar power 46
Natural Gas 469
Coal 1009